Magnolias Magnolias Magnolias!
Spring is a wonderful time and perhaps the magnolias that flower in the spring are amongst the most special and beautiful.
Magnolias are one of the loveliest and most impressive springtime flowers. Coming early in the season, with their thick, waxy petals forming goblets on bare branches, a mature magnolia in full bloom is a breathtaking sight.
All of the spring flowering magnolias have wonderful silky buds which form in winter and are a reminder of the wonders to some.
So you can see why I had to have some Magnolia's to sell. This year we carry 25 types! Maybe more if I can get them.
If you want a small Magnolia look for the "little girl series"of Magnolias.
Here are the varieties I have now:
br=bareroot $= saves you on shipping
Ann (Magnolia x 'Ann') -little girl series
Bareroot$ Potted $ Availability
shrub 1gal 20-30cm 10.00 15.00 5
 A member of the "Little Girl" group of hybrid magnolias  developed in the mid-fifties at the U.S. National Arboretum. Hardy shrub or small tree. Impressive deep purple-red flowers with 7-9 petals that resemble a tulip. Blooms mid to late March and may have sporadic rebloom in summer. Leaves are dark green and somewhat leathery in appearance. This shrub will brighten any landscape and is best used as a shrub border or specimen plant. Grows 8'-10' high with a 10'spread. Full sun for best flowering.
Very Cold Hardy!
Cold Hardiness: Zones 4a
Height:10'
Light: Full Sun-Light Shade
Comments: Ann Magnolia requires little maintenance and is an easy to grow flowering tree. If you want a purple flowering magnolia that will fit practically any landscape, then Magnolia 'Ann' is the right tree for you.
Alexandrina (Magnolia x soulangeana 'Alexandrina') saucer magnolia
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 1gal
30-60cm 10.00 15.00 sold out
Alexandrina is a very popular variety of saucer magnolia. Thanks to the rich colour of outer petals it is rated commercially best-selling saucer magnolia. The flowers are upto 10 cm across, white inside, flushed deep pink and purple outside, with a lovely fragrance.
Deciduous leaves are rather obovate with a notable tip, medium sized, mid to dark green. It grows moderately, 5-6m tall and 3-4m wide. This variety has a more upright habit than the species which makes it ideal for standard tree forms.
Cold Hardiness: Zones 4b
Flowers: deep pink (April)
Size: 15-18 ft
Light: Full Sun
Comments: One of the most sought after saucer magnolias
Betty (Magnolia 'Betty') -little girl series
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 1gal 30-60cm 10.00 15.00 sold out
3gal 3' 30.00 35.00 10
Magnolia soulangiana 'Betty' would be a nice addition to any yard, providing lots of spring time color. This variety of saucer magnolia only grows to about 15 feet tall, big enough to make quite a colorful statement, yet small enough to fit in side yards or large planter beds. All saucer magnolias make great lawn trees as well. You will first see 'Betty' wake up around mid to late April, as the flower buds begin to emerge just before the foliage. The large sized blossoms are red-purple on the outside and white on the inside up to 8 inches across, with this variety having a tendency to be more tree like. Use the deciduous magnolias for an early splash of spring time color, or on your property line for a large colorful hedge or privacy screen. Plant magnolia “Betty” in full sun in a moisture retentive acidic soil.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 5a
Flowers: purple (April)
Size: 12-15'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: very popular....and a fast grower.
Blushing Belle (Magnolia 'Blushing Belle') New
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 1gal 1-2' 30.00 35.00 8
She may be blushing but this floriferous showy tree is not shy! With parents like ‘Yellow Bird’ x ‘Caerhay’s Belle,’ she has nothing to be shy about. Soft and lovely, large bicolor pink flowers precede the lush spring foliage.
Great for cooler climates.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 5b
Flowers: pink- palepink (April)
Size: 15-20'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: rare and beautiful. Amazing.
Butterflies (Magnolia 'Butterflies')
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 3-4' 3gal 35.00 40.00 n/a
In early spring, 'Butterflies' is covered with canary yellow blooms, the  deepest yellow of any magnolia. A large tree in full bloom is truly an eye-catching, mouth dropping display. The four to five inch, semi-double blooms sit upright on their otherwise naked branches - just as a butterfly would. After the blooms have finished, deep green leaves appear, followed in late summer by pinkish-red, small cucumber-like fruits which remain throughout the fall. 'Butterflies' will grow into a nice, pyramid shape; expect it to mature to about 18 feet tall and 10 feet wide. This unusual tree is sure to be the highlight of your spring landscape! Magnolia 'Butterflies' is rarely seen. As a gift, you can be almost certain the recipient doesn't have one.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 4b 
Flowers: Yellow (April)
Size: 25'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: The most beautiful yellow magnolia to me!
Elizabeth (Magnolia 'Elizabeth')
Bareroot $Price potted Availability
shrub 3gal 2' 25.00 30.00 8
 A hybrid between an American and Asian species introduced by the  Brooklyn Botanic Garden, this is a much celebrated Magnolia with large, unusual flowers.Pyramidal in habit and a real beauty in flower! The elegantly tapered buds open to reveal fragrant flowers of an almost translucent primrose yellow in late April to mid May before the large mint green foliage emerges.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 4b
Flowers:light yellow (April-mid May)
Size: 15-25'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: A popular yellow flowering Magnolia!
Forrest's Pink (Magnolia 'Forrest's Pink') New
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 1gal 10.00 15.00 sold out
Forest Pink Saucer Magnolia is blanketed in stunning fragrant pink cup-shaped flowers with shell pink overtones held atop the branches in early spring before the leaves. It has dark green foliage throughout the season. The large pointy leaves turn coppery bronze in fall.
A stunning small accent tree featuring spectacular cup-shaped and fragrant deep pink flowers in early spring before the leaves appear, large spreading habit of growth; more resistant to late spring frosts than other varieties.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 5
Flowers:deep pink (April-mid May)
Size: 20-30'
Light: Sun
Comments: Stunning!
Galaxy (Magnolia 'Galaxy')
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 1gal 10.00 15.00 sold out
A can't-miss accent tree for home landscapes, smothered in large purple-pink flowers in mid-spring, showy for miles around; a tidy tree the rest of the year with a rounded pyramid shape and a strong central leader, good for shade in the front yard.
Galaxy Magnolia is clothed in stunning fragrant purple cup-shaped flowers with shell pink overtones held atop the branches in mid spring before the leaves. It has dark green foliage throughout the season. The large pointy leaves turn coppery bronze in fall.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 5b
Flowers: red-purple (late April)
Size: 30'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: unique in form and flower
Heaven Scent (Magnolia 'Heaven Scent')
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 1gal 10.00 15.00 2
shrub 5gal 30.00 35.00 sold out
'Heaven Scent' magnolia blossoms are deep pink at the base, tapering off to a lighter pink at the tip. 'Heaven Scent' magnolia trees reach an average height at maturity of about 20 feet tall, although they can grow larger. Plant it in planting zones 5-9 in full sun to partial shade.
Heaven Scent (Magnolia 'Heaven Scent') has the most sublime pink flowers in April and May with a magenta stripe at the base. A richly scented magnolia, this is one of the finest of the ‘Gresham Hybrids'.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 5b
Flowers: pale pink (May)
Height: 30'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: fast growing and rare
Jane Platt (Magnolia 'Jane Platt')
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 1gal 10.00 15.00 9
Spectacular starry pale pink flowers on this beautiful magnolia.  Selected from the garden of Jane Platt, Portland, Oregon. Deciduous shrubs, reaching 5-15 feet tall with rough brown or silvery gray bark. Twigs are greeny-yellow. Terminal buds are covered with silvery hairs. Leaves are smooth and dark green with paler green undersides. The white flowers are fragrant tinged with pink. Blooms in March to April, fruits August to September. Seed grown plants may flower between 1-2 years old. Adaptable to many conditions, and quite cold hardy and wind tolerant. Blooms best in a sunny location. One of the most popular magnolias in cultivation. Because of its early flowering it can be damaged by frost. Native to sunny slopes in damp areas of central Honshu, Japan.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 5b
Flowers: pale pink (April)
Height: 5-15'
Light:Sun-part shade
Comments: medium growing and rare.....beautiful....snag this little gem! Will fit any yard!!!
Loebner (Magnolia loebneri)
Bareroot$ $Price Availability
tree 1gal potted 15.00 20.00 1
tree 7 gal 50.00 1
Wide, upright, fast growing multistemmed small tree. Multipetaled, fragrant, white flowers occasionally tinged pink. This is a seed grown hybrid of the shy flowering Japanese Tree Magnolia (M. kobus) and the slow growing, prolifically flowered Star Magnolia (M. stellata). One of the earliest to bloom and most reliable in this area.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 5a
Flowers: White and tinged pink (mid April)
Height: 40'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: A large Magnolia.
Merrill (Magnolia 'Merrill')
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 1gal 10.00 15.00 7
 In early spring before its leaves appear, 'Merrill' bears showy, fragrant,  white blooms. A hybrid between a star magnolia and a kobus magnolia 'Merril,' which matures to 40 feet tall with a 30-foot spread, is very hardy and has a graceful, rounded form.
Merrill is a Lobner magnolia variety with white flowers. They are star-shaped, with a cup-shaped calyx. It has an advantage of 1-2 weeks later flowering as opposed to star magnolias (m.stellata) which can be damaged during early flowering by late night frost. Flowers appear on bare wood. They are white and have light pink shades before opening from buds. Ovate to obovate leaves are deciduous, fresh green and bronze when young, turning mid green in summer. Fully leaved magnolias belong to the bushiest shrubs with dense, healthy foliage.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 4b
Flowers: white (April)
Height: 20'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: very showy and hardy
Moonglow® (Magnolia 'Moonglow')
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 3gal 3-4' 30.00 35.00 n/a
This small evergreen magnolia shines in the winter with bright green and silver foliage. The leaves hold a bright green color that is cheerful in gray weather with brilliant silver undersides that sparkle and flash on a breezy day. If the foliage is crushed it releases a pungent bay leaf aroma. In early summer fat buds open revealing a delicate cup of ivory white petals that open a few at a time through the summer lightly perfuming the air with the fragrance of lemon. The small stature makes it an excellent choice for the urban landscape. Easily grown as either a single trunk or multiple trunk specimen it adds a natural grace in the garden. The compact scale of the tree make it a good choice for around patios and it combines well with rhododendrons, azaleas and compact shrubs.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 3b (extremely cold hardy!)
Flowers: creamy-white, lemon scented blooms (late spring-mid summer!!!)
Height: 15'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: 2nd most cold hardy! Plus blooms 2nd longest and latest.
Ned's Northern Belle (Magnolia Virginiana 'Ned's Northern Belle')
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 3gal 20.00 25.00 1
This introduction by Ned Rader in northern Ohio may well be the hardiest version of evergreen Southern Sweetbay to date. It has retained its leaves most the winter at temperatures well below zero and has been reported to survive nearly -35°F, though it will defoliate after such extreme cold. Wonderfully fragrant flowers, typical of Southern Sweetbay, are produced abundantly in May, and additional flowers appear off and on through the summer. It grows tall and narrow, and after 17 years it reached 25 feet tall with a spread of only 8-9 feet. Keeping in mind that no plant develops its full hardiness until it has a degree of maturity, it would be advisable to protect young plants with a burlap barrier at the colder end of its range.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 3b (extremely cold hardy!)
Flowers: white - fragrant (late spring-mid summer!!!)
Height: 30'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: Most cold hardy! Plus blooms longest and latest.
Ricki (Magnolia 'Ricki') - little girl series
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 1gal 10.00 15.00 6
shrub 3gal 3' 30.00 35.00 8 Beautiful and in bloom right now
 A hybrid magnolia selected for its wonderful purple cup-shaped  flowers in spring before the leaves and improved hardiness; a small, upright shrub, excellent as a specimen in the garden, wonderful as an accent in foundation plantings.
Ricki Magnolia is bathed in stunning fragrant fuchsia cup-shaped flowers with pink overtones held atop the branches in early spring before the leaves. It has dark green foliage throughout the season. The large pointy leaves turn coppery bronze in fall.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 5b
Flowers: Pink (April)
Height: 12'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: Nice smaller Magnolia
Rustica Rubra (Magnolia Soulangiana 'Rustica Rubra')
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 1gal 10.00 15.00 7
Magnolia - Rustica Rubra, Magnolia x soulangiana 'Rustica Rubra', produces  giant dark red buds in the spring (that arise before the foliage) and then bursts into huge, goblet-shaped blooms of bright pink that lighten to nearly white near the petal tips. An unbelievable sight in the spring garden, these blooms remain for several weeks, then the large, leathery foliage fills in around them. The flowers are followed by large 6-inch bright red fruits, very showy and irresistible to birds. In autumn, the dark green leaves turn a rich shade of bronzy-gold. Truly a specimen that will create a focal point in your sunny landscape!
Rustica Rubra reaches 10 to 25 feet tall and 10 to 15 feet wide. It is very tolerant of various soil and climates and prefers part shade to full sun.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 4b
Flowers: Purplish Pink (late April)
Height: 15-25'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: amazing as a focal point
Royal Star (Magnolia Stellata 'Royal Star')
$Price potted Availability
shrub 1gal 15.00 sold out
Shrub 2gal 25.00 sold out
shrub 3 gal 2-3' 35.00 10
 An ideal accent tree for smaller home landscapes, features extremely  fragrant star-shaped snow-white flowers in early spring, compact, upright growing and multi-stemmed, fast growing; considered the hardiest magnolia of all.
Royal Star Magnolia is smothered in stunning fragrant white star-shaped flowers with yellow eyes at the ends of the branches in early spring before the leaves. It has dark green foliage throughout the season. The pointy leaves turn coppery bronze in fall. The fruits are pink pods displayed in early fall.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 4a
Flowers: Purplish Pink (late April)
Height: 12'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: If you live in a cold area or have late frosts and want a small Magnolia ...this is a sure bet. I love this one....
Sieboldii (Magnolia Sieboldii) Bareroot$ $Price Availability
shrub 1gal 10.00 15.00 9
This spreading, deciduous shrub grows 15 to 25 feet tall and blooms in late spring to late summer, with white fragrant blossoms. Site where the slightly nodding flowers with rich rose-red stamens can be seen from below.
The Oyama Magnolia from Japan with four inch wide pure white, bowl-shaped, downward-facing flowers with red stamens. The fragrant flowers are produced from late spring to late summer. Light grey bark and dark green leaves. Golden yellow foliage in autumn and incredible pendulous, orange seedheads splitting open to reveal rows of deep purple seeds! Perfect for smaller scale landscapes. This is an understorey tree so it will do well in shaded gardens.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 4b
Flowers: bowl shaped pure white (late spring thru late summer!!!)
Height: 25'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: Seems to do well on PEI ...and blooms young.....mine are blooming! at only 1 foot!
Sieboldii "Collosus" (Magnolia Sieboldii 'Collosus') New
Bareroot$ $Price Availability
Shrub 'Collosus' 3gal 35.00 40.00 sold out
 ‘Colossus’ offers the classic flowers of M. sieboldii, but the petals have  much heavier substance, and the diameter of the flower can be much as 5 inches, nearly double the normal size.In fact, leaves can measure 12 inches long and 6 inches wide! Occasionally, double or semidouble flowers are produced with up to 18 petals. Colossus is more heat and sun tolerant than regular M.sieboldii. This hexaploid was created by doubling the chromosomes of seed from a cross of M.sieboldii ‘Genesis’ (tetraploid) by a diploid M.sieboldii, The original tree is 8 to 10 feet high by 10 feet wide at 7 years of age.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 4b
Flowers: bowl shaped pure white (late spring thru late summer!!!)
Height: 25'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: even better than it's parent.....
Sprengeri 'Diva' (Magnolia Sprengeri 'Diva') New
Bareroot$ $Price Availability
shrub 3gal potted 30.00 35.00 Not for sale...got frost damage will be available in 1 month for local sales
 Columnar growing tree. Early flowering, and profuse after some years. 12  tepals, pinkish red outside and with a pink stripe inside, very fragrant, an outstanding species.
Flowers are rosy-pink outside and pale pink inside, and have a distinct erect habit. 'Diva' is italian for 'goddess'.
One of the most beautiful magnolias!
Cold Hardiness: Zone 5b
Flowers: Pinkish red(early-mid April)
Height: 30'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: Protect from North and East winds....needs some winter protection...in Zone 5b
Stellar Acclaim (Magnolia 'Stellar Acclaim') New
Bareroot$ $Price Availability
shrub potted 3gal 3-4' 35.00 40.00 7
While most yellow Magnolias have cup or goblet-shaped flowers, 'Stellar Acclaim' has star-shaped flowers, like Star Magnolias, but larger. Color is light yellow with a little pink in the interior, and flowers have a pleasant fragrance. New leaves are red. From the late Dr. August Kehr, who once commented to us that when Magnolias leaf out with red leaves, it's often the mark of a distinguished selection, which we can indeed observe here!
Cold Hardiness: Zone 5
Flowers: light yellow and pink (late April)
Height: 18'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: NICE FRAGRANCE AND RED LEAVES -----buy this one.....I recommend it!
Sunsation (Magnolia 'Sunsation') New
Bareroot$ $Price Availability
shrub potted 3gal 25.00 30.00 2
This selection is a late bloomer, but makes a theatrical  entrance, with blooms in a rich blend of colors. The deep-yellow flowers with a blush of purple at their base, grow to 7 inches wide, with the handsome leaves soon to follow. This offspring of 'Woodsman' and 'Sun Spire' is one of our favorites. It offers a more open, broader habit than 'Sun Spire'.
Personal opinion: Simply the most beautiful new magnolia that I offer this year.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 4a
Flowers: gold and chartreuse (late April)
Height: 15'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: words are not enough
Susan (Magnolia 'Susan') -little girl series
Bareroot$ $Price Availability
shrub potted 1gal 10.00 15.00 18
A hybrid magnolia selected for its spectacular reddish-purple cup-shaped flowers in spring before the leaves and improved hardiness; a large, mounded shrub, incredibly effective as a specimen tree in smaller home landscapes.
Susan Magnolia is clothed in stunning fragrant purple cup-shaped flowers with shell pink overtones held atop the branches in early spring before the leaves. It has dark green foliage throughout the season. The large pointy leaves turn coppery bronze in fall.
‘Susan’(one of the little girl series) is primarily noted for its compact shrubby habit, fragrant fuchsia flowers and late bloom (mid-April to early May). It is a slow-growing, deciduous shrub or small tree that typically rises over time to 8-15’ tall.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 5a
Flowers: Purplish red (late April)
Height: 15'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: Hardy...even to zone 4b with protection. Blooms later then most which helps avoid late frost damage!~ Also blooms young on rooted cuttings which I sell!!
Star (Magnolia 'Star')
$Price Availability
shrub potted 3gal 30.00 sold out
 Star magnolia is a true aristocrat which should grace every northern garden where it is  hardy. It features very large star-shaped snow-white flowers at the tips of the branches, which are produced in early spring before the leaves in such abundance as to absolutely smother the shrub in flowers. The flowers have a potent and haunting fragrance which demands to be savored. After blooming, the flowers fade to be replaced by thick green leaves which hold out well over summer, turning a delicious burnt gold in fall before dropping all at once. All in all, this shrub has few negative characteristics and will complement any landscape.
This spring-flowering wonder is perfectly hardy in zone 5, and quite reliably hardy in zone 4, although planting it in a relatively wind-sheltered site will help ensure that the flower buds, which are developed the previous year, make it through the winter. It’s a long shot in zone 3, but some have experienced success in extremely sheltered locations with reliable snow cover. The flowers bloom extremely early in spring, and may be lost to late frosts in some years.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 4a
Flowers: white (mid April)
Height: 15-20'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: Hardy...even to zone 3b with protection.
Waterlily (Magnolia 'Waterlily') New
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub branched 1gal 15.00 20.00 9
An ideal accent tree for smaller home landscapes, features extremely fragrant star-shaped pink flowers fading to white in early spring, upright and multi-stemmed, fast growing; quite hardy, although flowers may be occasionally lost to late spring frosts.
Waterlily Magnolia is bathed in stunning fragrant shell pink star-shaped flowers with white overtones and yellow eyes at the ends of the branches in early spring, which emerge from distinctive rose flower buds before the leaves. It has dark green foliage throughout the season. The pointy leaves turn coppery bronze in fall. The fruits are pink pods displayed in early fall.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 4b
Flowers: light pink turning to white (early May)
Height: 20'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: Hardy and beautiful. Ours are branched well.
Yellow Bird (Magnolia x brooklynensis 'Yellow Bird')
Bareroot$ $Price potted Availability
shrub 5gal 40.00 45.00 sold out
shrub 3gal 35.00 40.00 sold out
Enjoy the 2-3 week flowering period of this upright, hardy magnolia. A terrific yellow-flowered selection which blooms as the leaves emerge. Its yellow flowers have a slight tinge of green at the base of the outer tepals. Excellent colour and consistency of bloom. Eventually reaches 40'.
Brilliant yellow flowers with a greenish tinge at the base open with the leaves on this release from the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Actually, it is also quite beautiful in the bud stage as the flower buds are held upright and are as much as 4 inches long and are colored rich yellow. The leaves are lush and very dark green. Flowering is late enough that frost damage is well nigh impossible. This easy-to-grow small tree also blooms while still young. Extra hardy, too. (M. acuminata x M. x brooklynensis 'Evamaria').
Cold Hardiness: Zone 4b
Flowers: brilliant yellow (early May)
Height: 40'
Light: sun-part shade
Comments: Hardy and beautiful. Maybe my favourite Magnolia.
Even 1 year Seedlings will sometimes flower their first year!!!!!!Drop by our greenhouse to check them out or at the Summerside Farmers Market on Saturday mornings!
|
The year when I was twenty-one
(John that year was twenty-three)
That was the year, that was the spring,
We planted the white magnolia tree.
“This tree,” said John, “shall grow with us,
and every year it will bloom anew.
This is our life. This is our love.”
And the white magnolia grew and grew…
.........
Dear Heaven, I give thanks to thee
for the things I did not know before,
for the wisdom of maturity,
for bread, and a roof, and for
one thing more…
Thanks because I still can see
the bloom on the white magnolia tree!
by
Helen Deutsch
|
For information on how to PLANT your Magnolia go to "Planting Instructions", where there are specific instructions tailored to Magnolias.
General planting instructions:
Deciduous magnolias are quite easy plants. All they need is light, well-drained, acidic soil with equal moisture throughout the year. Once established they can do with occasional drought but will not look as nice as the ones with regular watering. Just pay attention to how to plant your magnolia. First, find it a spot where it will live forever and ever. It does not like transplanting. And as it makes shallow roots reaching well over its spread stay away from disturbing the roots by digging or messing about around it. Just cover the soil with bark mulch and do not plant anything else near it after say the second year after planting onwards. You could damage the very important top roots that absorb maximum moisture and nutrients from the soil. Also avoid planting magnolia too deep. Thus you could be digging its grave. Just make sure it is not in a too exposed windy area. We still recommend mulching it well to keep it moist in any season.
|